ABSTRACT
Forsythia suspensa is a herbal medicine that widely used for heat-clearing and detoxification in clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism of its heat-clearing and detoxifying effect is still unclear. Based on the theory and methods of network pharmacology, the efficacy of the heat-clearing and detoxification of Forsythia suspensa was analyzed in this study. A total of 114 of compounds in Forsythia suspensa were collected, and 15 of effective compounds were obtained by analyzing the bioavailability (OB) and drug-like properties (DL). Then 26 corresponding targets were obtained using reverse pharmacophore-docking method. Using the BioGPS database, the organ location of the target initially was revealed. The compound-targetdisease network model of Forsythia suspensa was constructed by using the Cytoscape, which showed that the material basis of the heat-clearing and detoxification of Forsythia suspensa was to synthesize and synergize the effects by combining various active ingredients of multiple targets, simultaneously. This study explains the scientific mechanism of the heat-clearing and detoxification of Forsythia suspensa, and provides a theoretical foundation for clinical rational usage of Forsythia suspensa.
ABSTRACT
The metabolites were detected in feces and urine of rats orally administrated alkaloids of Piper longum by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (HPLC-FT-MS). According to the mass spectrometric data and reported literature, the structures of metabolites were identified. Several metabolites were analyzed and belonged to piperine, piperanine, piperlonguminine, Δα,β-dihydropiperlonguminine and pellitorine, respectively. The metabolites of alkaloids from P. longum alkaloids were produced through Ⅰ phase and Ⅱ phase metabolism reaction, and were excreted with urination and defecation. The approach provided a rapid method for characterizing the metabolites of P. longum alkaloids and gave the truly active structures and the action mechanism of their neuroprotective effects.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: iRegene collagen sponge exhibits stable physical and chemical properties, and has passed the test by the State Food and Drug Administration of China. OBJECTIVE: To study the hemostatic effect and the biocompatibility of the iRegene collagen sponge on a liver wound by means of rat models. METHODS: Liver trauma bleeding models were made in 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. These model rats were randomized into three groups (n=7 per group): experimental group with implantation and external application of iRegene collagen sponge; positive control group with implantation of medical collagen sponge and external application of iRegene collagen sponge; blank control group with external application of medical gauze. The bleeding time and amount on the liver wounds were observed. Histological observation on the liver wound was performed at 7, 14, 28 days after intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bleeding time was shorter in the experimental group than the positive control group (P ≤ 0.05). Beyond that, there was no difference in the bleeding amount and time among the three groups. Histological findings on the liver wound showed that the iRegene collagen sponge in the experimental group was completely wrapped with fibrous connective tissues and began to degrade at 7 days after intervention, the Inflammatory cell infiltration mainly occurred in neutrophils, and new capillaries were observed in peripheral connective tissues; at 14 days after intervention, the fibrous connective tissues became remarkably thickened, the number of neurophils was reduced, and the number of macrophages was increased; at 28 days after intervention, the iRegene collagen sponge degraded completely, most of the liver tissues recovered, and there were macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts and capillaries in the inflammatory connective tissues adjacent to a part of liver tissues. Similar findings were observed in the positive control group. In the blank control group, there were obvious connective tissues on the wound and red blood cells in the liver sinus, and occasionally liver tissue bleeding and vacuolar degeneration were visible; at 28 days after intervention, there were thickened connective tissues on the wound, red blood cells in the liver sinus and reversed hepatic stellate cells. To conclude, the iRegene collagen sponge possesses effective hemostatic effects on liver wounds and shows good histocompatibility.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: iRegene collagen sponge exhibits stable physical and chemical properties, and has passed the test by the State Food and Drug Administration of China. OBJECTIVE: To study the hemostatic effect and the biocompatibility of the iRegene collagen sponge on a liver wound by means of rat models. METHODS: Liver trauma bleeding models were made in 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. These model rats were randomized into three groups (n=7 per group): experimental group with implantation and external application of iRegene collagen sponge; positive control group with implantation of medical collagen sponge and external application of iRegene collagen sponge; blank control group with external application of medical gauze. The bleeding time and amount on the liver wounds were observed. Histological observation on the liver wound was performed at 7, 14, 28 days after intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bleeding time was shorter in the experimental group than the positive control group (P ≤ 0.05). Beyond that, there was no difference in the bleeding amount and time among the three groups. Histological findings on the liver wound showed that the iRegene collagen sponge in the experimental group was completely wrapped with fibrous connective tissues and began to degrade at 7 days after intervention, the Inflammatory cell infiltration mainly occurred in neutrophils, and new capillaries were observed in peripheral connective tissues; at 14 days after intervention, the fibrous connective tissues became remarkably thickened, the number of neurophils was reduced, and the number of macrophages was increased; at 28 days after intervention, the iRegene collagen sponge degraded completely, most of the liver tissues recovered, and there were macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts and capillaries in the inflammatory connective tissues adjacent to a part of liver tissues. Similar findings were observed in the positive control group. In the blank control group, there were obvious connective tissues on the wound and red blood cells in the liver sinus, and occasionally liver tissue bleeding and vacuolar degeneration were visible; at 28 days after intervention, there were thickened connective tissues on the wound, red blood cells in the liver sinus and reversed hepatic stellate cells. To conclude, the iRegene collagen sponge possesses effective hemostatic effects on liver wounds and shows good histocompatibility.